AR# 3203

描述

How does the TAP Controller state machine work?

For more FPGA Device Specific Issues and other Configuration Related Articles, see (Xilinx Answer 34104).

解决方案

The TAP controller is a 16-state FSM that responds to the control sequences supplied through the Test Access Port. 

The state diagram is shown in the following figure:

A transition between the states only occurs on the rising edge of TCK, and each state has a different name. 

The two vertical columns with seven states each represent the Instruction Path and the Data Path.

The data registers operate in the states whose names end with "DR" and the instruction register operates in the states whose names end in "IR". The states are otherwise identical.

The operation of each state is described below.

Test-Logic-Reset

All test logic is disabled in this controller state enabling the normal operation of the IC. The TAP controller state machine is designed so that, no matter what the initial state of the controller is, the Test-Logic-Reset state can be entered by holding TMS at high and pulsing TCK five times. This is why the Test Reset (TRST) pin is optional.

Run-Test-Idle

In this controller state, the test logic in the IC is active only if certain instructions are present. For example, if an instruction activates the self test, then it is executed when the controller enters this state. The test logic in the IC is idle otherwise.

Select-DR-Scan

This controller state controls whether to enter the Data Path or the Select-IR-Scan state.

Select-IR-Scan

This controller state controls whether or not to enter the Instruction Path. The Controller can return to the Test-Logic-Reset state otherwise.

Capture-IR

In this controller state, the shift register bank in the Instruction Register parallel loads a pattern of fixed values on the rising edge of TCK. The last two significant bits must always be "01".

Shift-IR

In this controller state, the instruction register gets connected between TDI and TDO, and the captured pattern gets shifted on each rising edge of TCK. The instruction available on the TDI pin is also shifted in to the instruction register.

Exit1-IR

This controller state controls whether to enter the Pause-IR state or Update-IR state.

Pause-IR

This state allows the shifting of the instruction register to be temporarily halted.

Exit2-DR

This controller state controls whether to enter either the Shift-IR state or Update-IR state.

Update-IR

In this controller state, the instruction in the instruction register is latched to the latch bank of the Instruction Register on every falling edge of TCK. This instruction becomes the current instruction once it is latched.

Capture-DR

In this controller state, the data is parallel-loaded into the data registers selected by the current instruction on the rising edge of TCK.

Shift-Dr, Exit1-DR, Pause-DR, Exit2-DR and Update-DR

These controller states are similar to the Shift-IR, Exit1-IR, Pause-IR, Exit2-IR and Update-IR states in the Instruction path.

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